PENDAHULUAN
Peraturan-Peraturan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (Pemberitahuan Kemalangan, Kejadian Berbahaya, Keracunan Pekerjaan dan Penyakit Pekerjaan) sedang digubal olek Kerajaan dan dijangka akan diwarta pada penghujung tahun 1998. Oleh itu kertas kerja ini disediakan terlebih dahulu berdasarkan kepada peruntukan-peruntukan yang sediaada di bawah kehendak Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994, terutamanya Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967.
TUJUAN
Peruntukan Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994 mengkehendaki setiap majikan;
(i) Menyediakan suatu saluran komunikasi untuk membolehkan mana-mana pekerjanya membuat aduan mengenai apa-apa perkara yang memudaratkan keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja
(ii) Menjalankan siasatan keatas apa-apa kemalangan, kemalangan nyaris, kejadian berbahaya, keracunan atau penyakit pekerjaan dan aduan yang tersebut diatas di tempat kerja masing-masing
(iii) Mengambil tindakan yang sewajarnya keatas aduan dan kejadian yang tersebut diatas
(iv) Melaporkan kejadian yang tersebut diatas kepada Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Malaysia
(i) Menyediakan suatu saluran komunikasi untuk membolehkan mana-mana pekerjanya membuat aduan mengenai apa-apa perkara yang memudaratkan keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja
(ii) Menjalankan siasatan keatas apa-apa kemalangan, kemalangan nyaris, kejadian berbahaya, keracunan atau penyakit pekerjaan dan aduan yang tersebut diatas di tempat kerja masing-masing
(iii) Mengambil tindakan yang sewajarnya keatas aduan dan kejadian yang tersebut diatas
(iv) Melaporkan kejadian yang tersebut diatas kepada Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Malaysia
TAKRIFAN
Beberapa tafsiran berkenaan berdasarkan Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994 dan Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967
1. Kejadian Berbahaya (Dangerous Occurrence)
Mana-mana kejadian didalam mana-mana kelas yang disenaraikan pada Jadual Pertama Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 sebagaimana yang dilampirkan
1. Kejadian Berbahaya (Dangerous Occurrence)
Mana-mana kejadian didalam mana-mana kelas yang disenaraikan pada Jadual Pertama Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 sebagaimana yang dilampirkan
-Bursting of a revolving vessel, wheel, grindstone or grinding wheel moved by mechanical power.
-Collapse or failure of a crane, derrick, winch, hoist, piling frame or other appliance used in raising or lowering persons or goods, or any part thereof (except breakage of chain or rope slings), or the overturning of a crane.
-Explosion or fire or failure of structure affecting the safety or strength of any room or place in which persons are employed, or to any machinery of plant contained therein.
-Explosion or failure of structure affecting the safety or strength of a steam boiler or of an unfired pressure vessel; the lose of boiler water, the melting of a fusible plug and the bursting of a tube.
2. Penyakit Pekerjaan (Occupational Diseases)
Mana-mana penyakit yang disenaraikan dalam Jadual Ketiga Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 atau mana-mana penyakit yang dinamakan dalam mana-mana peraturan atau perintah yang dibuat dibawah Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan 1994
-Collapse or failure of a crane, derrick, winch, hoist, piling frame or other appliance used in raising or lowering persons or goods, or any part thereof (except breakage of chain or rope slings), or the overturning of a crane.
-Explosion or fire or failure of structure affecting the safety or strength of any room or place in which persons are employed, or to any machinery of plant contained therein.
-Explosion or failure of structure affecting the safety or strength of a steam boiler or of an unfired pressure vessel; the lose of boiler water, the melting of a fusible plug and the bursting of a tube.
2. Penyakit Pekerjaan (Occupational Diseases)
Mana-mana penyakit yang disenaraikan dalam Jadual Ketiga Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 atau mana-mana penyakit yang dinamakan dalam mana-mana peraturan atau perintah yang dibuat dibawah Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan 1994
- Dust diseases of the lungs :
(a) Silicosis – inhalation of (SiO2) silica containing dust
(b) Stannosis – inhalation of tin dusts or fumes
(c) Sidersosis or sidero – silicosis inhalation of dust containing iron and silica, haematite
(d) Asbestosis – inhalation of asbestos dust or fibres
(e) Conditions of respiratory allergy of asthma or chronic bronchitis, or byssinosis resulting from inhalation of dusts of plants origin as cotton, wood, flax, jute, rice husks, cork, spices, hemp, sisal, tobacco, tea, flour and the like and mineral dusts as cements, copper, zinc, or animal dusts as bone or hair.
(f) Other pneumoconiosis or fibriotic diseases of the lungs resulting from inhalation of aluminium, talc or coals
(a) Silicosis – inhalation of (SiO2) silica containing dust
(b) Stannosis – inhalation of tin dusts or fumes
(c) Sidersosis or sidero – silicosis inhalation of dust containing iron and silica, haematite
(d) Asbestosis – inhalation of asbestos dust or fibres
(e) Conditions of respiratory allergy of asthma or chronic bronchitis, or byssinosis resulting from inhalation of dusts of plants origin as cotton, wood, flax, jute, rice husks, cork, spices, hemp, sisal, tobacco, tea, flour and the like and mineral dusts as cements, copper, zinc, or animal dusts as bone or hair.
(f) Other pneumoconiosis or fibriotic diseases of the lungs resulting from inhalation of aluminium, talc or coals
-Systematic intoxication by any of the following metals or their compounds, lead, mercury, manganese, phosphorous, antimony, chromium, nickel, beryllium.
-Intoxication resulting from the use of solvents, benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum and its derivatives.
-Pulmonary irritation resulting from inhalation of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, chlorine, phosgene, ammonia, etc.
-Intoxication resulting from handling of insecticides, or herbicides or fungicides as organic phosphate compounds, nitrogenous and chlorinated compounds.
-Conditions of occupational dermatosis resulting from handling of mineral oils, acids, alkalis, dusts and other irritants.
-Occupational infections as anthrax, glanders, leptospirosis, tuberculosis, leptrosy (where occupational exposure to the last two is evident)
-Malignant disease resulting from handling or inhalation or contact with carcinogenic tars or radioactive dusts.
-Eye conditions resulting from physical trauma as heat cataract, radiation cataract and from irritants.
-Toxic jaundice resulting from nitro or amino derivatives of benzene or other substances.
-Subcutaneous or acute bursitis of knee or hand or wrist resulting from manual labour causing severe or prolonged friction or pressure.
-Conditions resulting from severe heat exposure such as heat cramps or heat stroke.
-Hearing loss due to excessive exposure to industrial noise of high sound pressure level.
-Conditions resulting from exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
-Decompression sickness (caisson disease) and conditions resulting from working and under water.
-Intoxication resulting from the use of solvents, benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum and its derivatives.
-Pulmonary irritation resulting from inhalation of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, chlorine, phosgene, ammonia, etc.
-Intoxication resulting from handling of insecticides, or herbicides or fungicides as organic phosphate compounds, nitrogenous and chlorinated compounds.
-Conditions of occupational dermatosis resulting from handling of mineral oils, acids, alkalis, dusts and other irritants.
-Occupational infections as anthrax, glanders, leptospirosis, tuberculosis, leptrosy (where occupational exposure to the last two is evident)
-Malignant disease resulting from handling or inhalation or contact with carcinogenic tars or radioactive dusts.
-Eye conditions resulting from physical trauma as heat cataract, radiation cataract and from irritants.
-Toxic jaundice resulting from nitro or amino derivatives of benzene or other substances.
-Subcutaneous or acute bursitis of knee or hand or wrist resulting from manual labour causing severe or prolonged friction or pressure.
-Conditions resulting from severe heat exposure such as heat cramps or heat stroke.
-Hearing loss due to excessive exposure to industrial noise of high sound pressure level.
-Conditions resulting from exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
-Decompression sickness (caisson disease) and conditions resulting from working and under water.
3. Kemalangan Nyaris (Near Miss)
Apa-apa kemalangan di tempat kerja yang berpotensi untuk menyebabakan kecederaan kepada mana-mana orang atau kerosakan kepada apa-apa harta
Apa-apa kemalangan di tempat kerja yang berpotensi untuk menyebabakan kecederaan kepada mana-mana orang atau kerosakan kepada apa-apa harta
LAPORAN
Setiap kemalangan, kemalangan nyaris, kejadian berbahaya, keracunan pekerjaan atau penyakit pekerjaan yang berlaku di tempat kerja masing-masing hendaklah dilaporkan kepada Jawatankuasa Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan. Laporan tersebut hendaklah dibuat dengan serta merta sebaik sahaja kejadian tersebut dikenalpasti atau berlaku.
Pegawai Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan sebaik sahaja menerima laporan/aduan tersebut hendaklah menjalankan siasatan awal kejadian/aduan tersebut. Siasatan tersebut hendaklah mendapatkan dimana yang perlu ada maklumat-maklumat dan keterangan daripada individu yang terlibat secara langsung, mangsa kemalangan, saksi kemalangan atau mereka yang berkenaan dengan menggunakan borang laporan kejadian dan mengambil gambar-gambar photo dan bahan-bahan bukti kejadian.
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